article
  • Thirty years on, the new story of the Frida Kahlo school in Bruges

  • A tale of architectural anticipation in model form

  • Compagnie architecture

For two months, Compagnie architecture took over the Nouvelles saisons exhibition with a model of a school in the Bordeaux area. Several architects took it in turns to modify the project, imagining adaptations to the programme and climate thirty years from now. They describe the context of their presence in the exhibition space, before providing an illustrated commentary on the various stages of the experiment.

La maquette non modifiée / unmodified model.
La maquette non modifiée / unmodified model. / © Compagnie architecture
Les toits se soulèvent pour dévoiler les aménagements intérieurs. / The roofs lift to reveal the interior layouts.
Les toits se soulèvent pour dévoiler les aménagements intérieurs. / The roofs lift to reveal the interior layouts. / © Compagnie architecture
Quelle végétation dans 30 ans ? Des palmiers font leur apparition. / What will the vegetation look like in 30 years' time? Palm trees are making an appearance.
Quelle végétation dans 30 ans ? Des palmiers font leur apparition. / What will the vegetation look like in 30 years' time? Palm trees are making an appearance. / © Compagnie architecture
La serre et le potager pédagogiques, installés sur le toit de la maison 3, deviennent un espace de motricité pour les séniors. / The greenhouse and vegetable garden installed on the roof of House 3 are becoming a motor skills area for senior citizens.
La serre et le potager pédagogiques, installés sur le toit de la maison 3, deviennent un espace de motricité pour les séniors. / The greenhouse and vegetable garden installed on the roof of House 3 are becoming a motor skills area for senior citizens. / © Compagnie architecture
Un premier étage apparait sur la maison 4. / A first floor appears on House 4.
Un premier étage apparait sur la maison 4. / A first floor appears on House 4. / © Compagnie architecture
La nouvelle surélévation est installée. / The new elevation has been installed.
La nouvelle surélévation est installée. / The new elevation has been installed. / © Compagnie architecture

Delivered in 2022 by Compagnie architecture, the Frida Kahlo school complex for the city of Bruges is inspired by a symbolic and poetic object: the cabin, the first shelter that children build for themselves. Five large houses, separated by outdoor and interstitial spaces, are organised around a central playground planted with trees, and linked by footbridges and walkways. The project encourages contact with the outdoors, with classrooms facing both directions and extended by a terrace or a garden, outdoor walkways and numerous planted areas. Awarded the E4C21 label, the school group is strongly committed to the environment, with its bioclimatic design, the use of bio-sourced materials (the wooden structure) and the implementation of natural ventilation and climatic wells.

Axonométrie du groupe scolaire Frida Kahlo.
Axonométrie du groupe scolaire Frida Kahlo. / © Compagnie architecture
Groupe scolaire Frida Kahlo, Bruges, 2022.
Groupe scolaire Frida Kahlo, Bruges, 2022. / © Ivan Mathie

Produced from January 2020 onwards, the 1:50 scale model of the project was much more than a design tool: it also accompanied the entire building construction process and was used to present the project to local councillors, technicians, contractors, users and inhabitants of the neighbourhood. On site, it was the starting point for meetings and associated events: circus shows, conferences, visits, etc. Since the building was completed, the model has lived in one of the school group's classrooms.

For Nouvelle Saisons, self-portraits of a territory, we proposed reinventing it by imagining the future development of the school complex based on the reversibility of uses that had been envisaged during the studies. In this way, the exhibition became an opportunity to put the project to the test: to experiment possible changes of use directly on the model, by imagining a partial renovation of the school in 2052, 30 years after the delivery of the project.

Installation de la permanence dans l’exposition / installation of the permanence in the exhibition.
Installation de la permanence dans l’exposition / installation of the permanence in the exhibition. / © Compagnie architecture

What climatic and demographic changes would guide this transformation? What educational and demographic changes would govern the choice of the new program? We started from the premise that fewer children would be taught in the great outdoors, and that the largely ageing population would need to be generously accommodated in suitable, inclusive structures. This raises the following questions: how can we encourage intergenerational relations? How can public facilities evolve to accommodate other uses and other audiences?

Croquis de recherche de la surélévation / research sketch of the elevation.
Croquis de recherche de la surélévation / research sketch of the elevation. / © Compagnie architecture
Maquette d'étude de la surélévation / elevation study model.
Maquette d'étude de la surélévation / elevation study model. / © Compagnie architecture

In May and June 2025, we moved our practice of architectural permanence2 within the exhibition itself, to transform the model. At the end of these two months of work, House 3 was converted into a residence for senior citizens, with a two-storey extension to accommodate apartments and communal spaces, and adapted access in the form of new walkways running along the facades to access the bedrooms. House 4 houses a mobility area for the elderly. The modified model continues the bioclimatic design of the project and incorporates the consequences of global warming on biodiversity, with a plant palette appropriate to the North African climate that could well be that of Bruges in thirty years' time.

Fabrication des façades de la surélévation / production of the facades of the extension.
Fabrication des façades de la surélévation / production of the facades of the extension. / © Compagnie architecture
Fabrication des façades de la surélévation / production of the facades of the extension.
Fabrication des façades de la surélévation / production of the facades of the extension. / © Compagnie architecture
Les murs sont debout ! Les deux niveaux de surélévation assemblés permettent de commencer la démonstration de la transformation. Les menuiseries sont en cours. A gauche, l’espace de motricité sur le toit de la maison 4 est terminé. / The walls are standing! With the two storeys of the extension now assembled, we can begin demonstrating the transformation. The joinery work is in progress. On the left, the motorised play area on the roof of house 4 has been completed.
Les murs sont debout ! Les deux niveaux de surélévation assemblés permettent de commencer la démonstration de la transformation. Les menuiseries sont en cours. A gauche, l’espace de motricité sur le toit de la maison 4 est terminé. / The walls are standing! With the two storeys of the extension now assembled, we can begin demonstrating the transformation. The joinery work is in progress. On the left, the motorised play area on the roof of house 4 has been completed. / © Compagnie architecture
La couverture est posée, après une bataille avec la géométrie. Il reste encore à réaliser les gardes corps et des aménagements intérieurs. / The roof has been placed, after a battle with the geometry. The balustrades and interior fittings still need to be completed.
La couverture est posée, après une bataille avec la géométrie. Il reste encore à réaliser les gardes corps et des aménagements intérieurs. / The roof has been placed, after a battle with the geometry. The balustrades and interior fittings still need to be completed. / © Compagnie architecture
Les espaces intérieurs, chambres et espace commun, sont alignés le long des gaines existantes. Les pièces regardent le dehors. / The interior spaces, accomodations and communal areas, are aligned along the existing ducts. The rooms look outwards.
Les espaces intérieurs, chambres et espace commun, sont alignés le long des gaines existantes. Les pièces regardent le dehors. / The interior spaces, accomodations and communal areas, are aligned along the existing ducts. The rooms look outwards. / © Compagnie architecture

While they were building the new extension and external fittings, the architects in “permanence” organised a workshop with a group of pupils from the Frida Kahlo school group to hear their views on the place, and met visitors to the exhibition daily: schoolchildren, residents and tourists. The staff work to the rhythm of the museum: there are more visitors on the first Sunday of the month (free admission) or on the evening of a conference, and the floor shakes to the sound of the sound check for a concert in the CAPC Art Museum... We are forging links with the arc en rêve team, meeting other architectural offices exhibiting in the space, perfecting our English to talk to groups of tourists... Visitors are curious to learn more, to discover the project. Various themes run through the discussions: what kind of school would you have liked to have had? How can we build sustainably? How can a building be adapted rather than destroyed?  Some secondary school pupils showed us the models they had made with their art teacher. Whether in a meeting room, on a building site or in an exhibition space, the model always exerts its power of attraction. It breaks the ice, invites dialogue. After Bordeaux, the model of the Frida Kahlo school group continues its journey, this time to Paris, where it joins another exhibition, L’École idéale (The Ideal School), organised by the Pavillon de l'Arsenal

L’exposition accueille régulièrement des visites de groupes scolaires de différents niveaux. / The exhibition is regularly visited by school groups of all levels.
L’exposition accueille régulièrement des visites de groupes scolaires de différents niveaux. / The exhibition is regularly visited by school groups of all levels. / © Compagnie architecture
Des élèves du groupe scolaire Frida Kahlo nous rendent visite pour un atelier. Après une courte introduction sur travail d'architecte, nous échangeons sur la présence du bois comme matériau principal, l’emploi de copeaux pour désimperméabiliser la cour et la présence des grandes cheminées pour éliminer l'air vicié et réguler la température. / Pupils from the Frida Kahlo school group visited us for a workshop. After a short introduction to the architect's work, we talked about the use of wood as the main material, the use of wood shavings to de-water the courtyard and the large chimneys to remove stale air and regulate the temperature.
Des élèves du groupe scolaire Frida Kahlo nous rendent visite pour un atelier. Après une courte introduction sur travail d'architecte, nous échangeons sur la présence du bois comme matériau principal, l’emploi de copeaux pour désimperméabiliser la cour et la présence des grandes cheminées pour éliminer l'air vicié et réguler la température. / Pupils from the Frida Kahlo school group visited us for a workshop. After a short introduction to the architect's work, we talked about the use of wood as the main material, the use of wood shavings to de-water the courtyard and the large chimneys to remove stale air and regulate the temperature. / © Compagnie architecture
Visite organisée par arc en rêve : après une présentation de la maquette et de la permanence, les participants ont pu visiter le groupe scolaire construit. Du 1/50 à l’échelle 1. / Visit organized by arc en rêve: after a presentation of the model and the permanence, the participants visited the school complex. From 1:50 to 1:1 scale.
Visite organisée par arc en rêve : après une présentation de la maquette et de la permanence, les participants ont pu visiter le groupe scolaire construit. Du 1/50 à l’échelle 1. / Visit organized by arc en rêve: after a presentation of the model and the permanence, the participants visited the school complex. From 1:50 to 1:1 scale. / © Compagnie architecture

Thomas Nakajima and Jean Benayoun-Bost, along with Cloé Andron and Chloé Bodart, took it in turns at arc en rêve to work on the model.


1 E+C- label certifies a building's energy performance and its level of greenhouse gas emissions. E4C2 represents the highest level of certification.

2 Developed by Patrick Bouchain and the Construire agency, an “architectural permanence” consists of “living” on a building site or the site of a study. This on-site presence can take the form of workshops with the client, cultural events or regular visits to the site by the public.

Compagnie architecture

Led by Chloé Bodart and Jules Eymard, Bordeaux-based Compagnie architecture has a staff of around fifteen. Its projects emerge from a practice built around three main axes: the sensitive transformation of the existing, the inhabited building site as a cultural act, and attentive listening to meet the needs of the client.

La maquette non modifiée / unmodified model.
La maquette non modifiée / unmodified model. / © Compagnie architecture
Les toits se soulèvent pour dévoiler les aménagements intérieurs. / The roofs lift to reveal the interior layouts.
Les toits se soulèvent pour dévoiler les aménagements intérieurs. / The roofs lift to reveal the interior layouts. / © Compagnie architecture
Quelle végétation dans 30 ans ? Des palmiers font leur apparition. / What will the vegetation look like in 30 years' time? Palm trees are making an appearance.
Quelle végétation dans 30 ans ? Des palmiers font leur apparition. / What will the vegetation look like in 30 years' time? Palm trees are making an appearance. / © Compagnie architecture
La serre et le potager pédagogiques, installés sur le toit de la maison 3, deviennent un espace de motricité pour les séniors. / The greenhouse and vegetable garden installed on the roof of House 3 are becoming a motor skills area for senior citizens.
La serre et le potager pédagogiques, installés sur le toit de la maison 3, deviennent un espace de motricité pour les séniors. / The greenhouse and vegetable garden installed on the roof of House 3 are becoming a motor skills area for senior citizens. / © Compagnie architecture
Un premier étage apparait sur la maison 4. / A first floor appears on House 4.
Un premier étage apparait sur la maison 4. / A first floor appears on House 4. / © Compagnie architecture
La nouvelle surélévation est installée. / The new elevation has been installed.
La nouvelle surélévation est installée. / The new elevation has been installed. / © Compagnie architecture
Axonométrie du groupe scolaire Frida Kahlo.
Axonométrie du groupe scolaire Frida Kahlo. / © Compagnie architecture
Groupe scolaire Frida Kahlo, Bruges, 2022.
Groupe scolaire Frida Kahlo, Bruges, 2022. / © Ivan Mathie
Installation de la permanence dans l’exposition / installation of the permanence in the exhibition.
Installation de la permanence dans l’exposition / installation of the permanence in the exhibition. / © Compagnie architecture
Croquis de recherche de la surélévation / research sketch of the elevation.
Croquis de recherche de la surélévation / research sketch of the elevation. / © Compagnie architecture
Maquette d'étude de la surélévation / elevation study model.
Maquette d'étude de la surélévation / elevation study model. / © Compagnie architecture
Fabrication des façades de la surélévation / production of the facades of the extension.
Fabrication des façades de la surélévation / production of the facades of the extension. / © Compagnie architecture
Fabrication des façades de la surélévation / production of the facades of the extension.
Fabrication des façades de la surélévation / production of the facades of the extension. / © Compagnie architecture
Les murs sont debout ! Les deux niveaux de surélévation assemblés permettent de commencer la démonstration de la transformation. Les menuiseries sont en cours. A gauche, l’espace de motricité sur le toit de la maison 4 est terminé. / The walls are standing! With the two storeys of the extension now assembled, we can begin demonstrating the transformation. The joinery work is in progress. On the left, the motorised play area on the roof of house 4 has been completed.
Les murs sont debout ! Les deux niveaux de surélévation assemblés permettent de commencer la démonstration de la transformation. Les menuiseries sont en cours. A gauche, l’espace de motricité sur le toit de la maison 4 est terminé. / The walls are standing! With the two storeys of the extension now assembled, we can begin demonstrating the transformation. The joinery work is in progress. On the left, the motorised play area on the roof of house 4 has been completed. / © Compagnie architecture
La couverture est posée, après une bataille avec la géométrie. Il reste encore à réaliser les gardes corps et des aménagements intérieurs. / The roof has been placed, after a battle with the geometry. The balustrades and interior fittings still need to be completed.
La couverture est posée, après une bataille avec la géométrie. Il reste encore à réaliser les gardes corps et des aménagements intérieurs. / The roof has been placed, after a battle with the geometry. The balustrades and interior fittings still need to be completed. / © Compagnie architecture
Les espaces intérieurs, chambres et espace commun, sont alignés le long des gaines existantes. Les pièces regardent le dehors. / The interior spaces, accomodations and communal areas, are aligned along the existing ducts. The rooms look outwards.
Les espaces intérieurs, chambres et espace commun, sont alignés le long des gaines existantes. Les pièces regardent le dehors. / The interior spaces, accomodations and communal areas, are aligned along the existing ducts. The rooms look outwards. / © Compagnie architecture
L’exposition accueille régulièrement des visites de groupes scolaires de différents niveaux. / The exhibition is regularly visited by school groups of all levels.
L’exposition accueille régulièrement des visites de groupes scolaires de différents niveaux. / The exhibition is regularly visited by school groups of all levels. / © Compagnie architecture
Des élèves du groupe scolaire Frida Kahlo nous rendent visite pour un atelier. Après une courte introduction sur travail d'architecte, nous échangeons sur la présence du bois comme matériau principal, l’emploi de copeaux pour désimperméabiliser la cour et la présence des grandes cheminées pour éliminer l'air vicié et réguler la température. / Pupils from the Frida Kahlo school group visited us for a workshop. After a short introduction to the architect's work, we talked about the use of wood as the main material, the use of wood shavings to de-water the courtyard and the large chimneys to remove stale air and regulate the temperature.
Des élèves du groupe scolaire Frida Kahlo nous rendent visite pour un atelier. Après une courte introduction sur travail d'architecte, nous échangeons sur la présence du bois comme matériau principal, l’emploi de copeaux pour désimperméabiliser la cour et la présence des grandes cheminées pour éliminer l'air vicié et réguler la température. / Pupils from the Frida Kahlo school group visited us for a workshop. After a short introduction to the architect's work, we talked about the use of wood as the main material, the use of wood shavings to de-water the courtyard and the large chimneys to remove stale air and regulate the temperature. / © Compagnie architecture
Visite organisée par arc en rêve : après une présentation de la maquette et de la permanence, les participants ont pu visiter le groupe scolaire construit. Du 1/50 à l’échelle 1. / Visit organized by arc en rêve: after a presentation of the model and the permanence, the participants visited the school complex. From 1:50 to 1:1 scale.
Visite organisée par arc en rêve : après une présentation de la maquette et de la permanence, les participants ont pu visiter le groupe scolaire construit. Du 1/50 à l’échelle 1. / Visit organized by arc en rêve: after a presentation of the model and the permanence, the participants visited the school complex. From 1:50 to 1:1 scale. / © Compagnie architecture